Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:WASHINGTON (CNN) -- Most of the Supreme Court justices piled up a lot frequent flyer miles in 2007, jetting to such exotic locales as Austria, India and Hawaii, according to financial disclosure reports released Friday.

The U.S. Supreme Court justices at a shoot for their 2006 "class photo."

And they generally have a good bit of spending money for their travels, based on reported investment income.

The records, which were released Friday by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, confirm what has been known for some time: that most of the justices are relatively well-off financially.

The eight associate justices make $208,100 in annual wages plus income from a variety of resources. Federal judges are not required to publicly release exact income figures, just a general range.

The wealthiest justice may be David Souter, with a wise investment he made years ago in a Vermont bank paying off handsomely. His assets in Chittenden Corp. are valued from $5 million to $25 million.

Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's asset totals are boosted by the fact that her husband, Martin, is a respected private tax attorney in Washington.

Justices Stephen Breyer, John Paul Stevens and Antonin Scalia are also millionaires. Justice Samuel Alito, the newest member of the high court, also reported income ranging from $700,000 to $2 million.

In the area of reported gifts, Alito cited about $500 in "Italian food and wine" given to him by a friend, about whom the justice helpfully noted it "is not likely that he will appear before this court."

The latest financial records continue to show Justices Anthony Kennedy and Clarence Thomas reporting assets under $1 million, not including homes and judicial salaries.

Thomas received a one-time boost to his income when his best-selling memoir was released in October. He received the remaining half of a reported million-dollar book advance and traveled extensively on a book promotion and signing tour.

Scalia also received an advance for his book on how to be a better appellate lawyer. The amount was relatively paltry compared to his colleague's: $33,000.

The annual records show that Breyer, Ginsburg, Kennedy and Scalia were the busiest travelers. Each made multiple visits overseas to teach, give speeches or attend judicial seminars.

Airfare, lodging and meals were generally paid for by the organizations that invited the justices, but under federal law, they must report it.

Europe was a favorite destination for several justices.

Breyer reported 21 out-of-town trips for which he was reimbursed, including to Paris, France; Rome, Italy; New Delhi, India; and Palm Springs, California.

Ginsburg went overseas to France, Belgium, Ireland and Canada and made at least nine other domestic trips.

In the same week in July, Kennedy and Chief Justice Roberts were in France and Austria, respectively.

But the Most Traveled Award goes to Scalia, who made 33 expense-paid trips, including eight overseas, and visited at least 17 states.

Only Souter and Stevens reported no trips for which they were reimbursed by sponsoring groups. Souter also reported no outside teaching gigs, trustee or board memberships, or any gifts received.

The 68-year-old bachelor generally spends his extended time away from the high court at his isolated farm in rural New Hampshire.

Chief Justice John Roberts may have the most diverse investment portfolio. He recorded 63 investments and trusts, including stock in Time Warner (parent company of CNN), Citicorp, Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard.

The estimated value is from about $2.4 million to more than $6 million.

Before becoming a federal judge, Roberts was a high-paid Washington lawyer. His judicial salary is $217,400.

Roberts, 53, continued to sell off small amounts of common stock, including in Cisco and Citigroup. When he took over as chief justice in 2005, he was forced to sell stock in several companies.

A bill passed two years ago in Congress allows federal judges to defer paying capital gains taxes on securities they sell to avoid conflicts of interest. High-level executive branch employees had enjoyed that privilege for years.

The issue of judges holding such diverse investment portfolios has resulted in several conflicts of interest, prompting calls for reform.

The high court last month refused to accept an appeal from a group of South Africans seeking to sue U.S. and foreign firms for allegedly helping keep the white-led apartheid government of their country in power for decades.

Four members of the high court were forced to remove themselves from consideration of the cases. No reason was given for their recusal, but financial disclosure reports showed that Roberts, along with Breyer and Alito, owns stock in several of the companies being sued. Kennedy's son Gregory is a top manager in one, investment bank Credit Suisse.

Under federal rules, at least six justices must hear a case that is accepted for review. With four of the nine recused, the high court had no choice but to uphold the lower court ruling, tossing out the lawsuit.

Some reform advocates say that judges should be allowed to own only mutual funds instead of individual stocks.

Mutual funds involve a range of investments whose identities are disclosed to the fund's shareholders several times each year. Federal law allows judges to own mutual funds without having to recuse themselves from a particular appeal.

Response: Reports show David Souter may be the wealthiest member of Supreme Court. Samuel Alito, the busiest traveler, made 33 expense-paid trips in 2007. Chief Justice John Roberts recorded 63 investments and trusts.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:(CNN) -- If there's one thing that kills bedroom coziness, home decorators say, it's a bed-in-a-bag set.

It might seem like a smart idea to buy everything together, but ultra-coordinated, flat bedding and stiff comforters often found in bagged bedding are the enemy of an inviting bedroom, said Holly Browning, DIY blogger and former home accent and interior designer.

"Fluff is key, like clouds or cotton," Browning said.

For her, and many decorators who contributed to this week's "inviting bedrooms" Open House assignment, the feel of bedding is important. Whether it's crisp, white sheets from a store like Target or expensive, vintage-looking throws from Anthropologie, decorators say it's important to feel like you're sleeping on a cloud.

And to get that feel, you must control the fluff. A carefully curated collection of down duvets, mattress pads, quilts and blankets of different thicknesses allow for temperature control and comfort, whether you're fast asleep or sniffling through a miserable flu bug -- and that probably won't come from a preselected, oversized bag, decorators said.

But is it just decorator snobbery?

When pressed, decor blogger Emily Clark said, "A bed in a bag can sometimes be a good jumping-off point, if you add some other elements like patterned sheets or different shams."

Likewise, Browning relented: "Well, it's OK, really. If you are unsure of what pillows and bedding accessories you like, then buying a bag might be best."

But she also pointed out that the pillows in said bag are "not always the softest material," and that matters a lot.

Pillows

Pillows are key, decorators said, and they must be chosen carefully.

"Pillows have always been a big discussion in our house," said interior designer and The Little Black Door blogger Elizabeth Baumgartner. "After a lot of trial and error, I've found that we need at least one king-size synthetic pillow and one regular-size down pillow per person." The combination, she said, is perfection.

"I think every bed needs several good pillows besides the decorative kind," said Clark. The calming, white master bedroom she decorated is "the most comfortable place for me in our home," she said.

Julie Holloway, part of the Milk and Honey Home decorator team from Roswell, Georgia, also finds pillows paramount. "My husband and I love our Tempur-Pedic pillows that mold to the shape of our neck and head," she said. "Our young boys love them, too, and steal them often."

Furniture

But scratchy sheets aside, comforters that match throw pillows that match curtains, elicit a shudder and "ugh" from interior designers like Shannon Berrey. And what of a matched suite of bedroom furniture? They inspired the same kind of disdain.

"Don't do it!" Berrey pleaded, urging a more eclectic approach.

The "paint by numbers" mountain vacation bedroom Berrey designed embodies her decorating aesthetic. "Some vintage pieces, some new, different wood tones, some painted," is how she put together a cozy, inviting bedroom for clients.

Interior decorator and blogger Bethany Brower said matching bedroom furniture makes her feel "claustrophobic."

"Matching bedroom sets are definitely a buzzkill for me," Little House on the Update blogger Corrie Moore said. "I feel like a bedroom can be uncomfortable if it's too formal."

Headboards

And according to the logic of most bedroom decorating schemes, designers say the bed and headboard are more important than the rest of the furniture. "A headboard gives the bed a presence in the room," Clark said. "Whether it's a full bed frame or even just a pretty quilt hanging on the wall behind the bed, a headboard makes the room feel more finished."

"Important" doesn't always mean "expensive." Many headboards featured in this week's gallery are DIY projects.

"This spot is so special to my husband and me because we built and upholstered the bed ourselves," Kelly Marzka said. "Every night when we crawl in to sleep, we're reminded of this project we took on, not knowing if we could even do it."

CNN iReport head-honcho and home decor blogger Katie Hawkins-Gaar is similarly proud of the impact her DIY headboard has on her master bedroom.

"We have an Ikea Malm bed, something that was in our price range when we first bought it, but it never really stood out on its own," she said. "After making a custom headboard, it's like we have a brand new bed! It gave our bedroom so much character and the fact that it's handmade -- it was my husband's first attempt at a project of that scale -- makes it so much more meaningful."

The large headboard Browning created for her master bedroom reflects her personal style.

"Right now I am loving gray and silver. The corrugated steel roofing I used for this one is shiny and massive," she said. "It's not very feminine but it creates a soft, romantic reflection from the side lamps."

Lighting

Clark also finds that lamps are an indispensable ingredient to an inviting bedroom.

"I recently moved the lamps in our bedroom to another room in the house, and we were with only an overhead light for a couple of months," she said. "It just felt so cold to me."

Soft light makes a bedroom cozier, she said. So, too, can black-out drapes, or even eye masks and white noise machines. Light-limiting drapes can come in handy for the occasional sick day, Brower said.

"There's nothing worse than being laid up in bed with a cold and it's sunny and wonderful just outside the window. I can pull my drapes shut and block out the sun and pretend I'm not missing out on a glorious day," she said.

TVs

The only thing it seems decorators can't agree on when it comes to bedrooms is whether to put a TV in the room. For some, like Berrey, it's a must.

"I know for so many a TV in the bedroom is a big no-no, but I have to have a TV in the bedroom. I love to lay in bed and watch TV until I fall asleep. It's really the only thing I need; No scented sprays or the sounds of crashing waves, just the sounds of the 'Real Housewives,'" she said.

Even if they think TVs don't belong in bedrooms, decorators confess to it apologetically.

"I know I'm in the minority," Baumgartner said, "but no TV."

"I'll be hated for this one," said Holloway, who says TVs destroy the cozy vibe of a bedroom. "Are we not bombarded by screens? If you can swing it, no home office or TV in your bedroom."

Are you obsessed with decorating your house? Show us your skills at CNN's Open House and your photo could be featured in next week's story. Our next focus: well-dressed mantels.

Response: Decorators: Bed-in-a-bag sets can be stiff and too coordinated for a cozy room.. "A bedroom can be uncomfortable if it's too formal," blogger Corrie Moore said of furniture choices. Share your gorgeous mantel photos and ideas on the next CNN Open House iReport assignment.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:NEW YORK (CNN) -- Richard Serra stands in the Museum of Modern Art's Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden, his hair as white as the marble floor. The summer sun of New York radiates from the towering metal of his monumental works. He breaks no sweat.

He likes how the weeping beeches and birches have leafed out since April when two of his enormous steel sculptures were installed. A crane lifted the tonnage over the garden wall from West 54th Street.

This new foliage, he notes, shades his works' rising, rusting arcs with an air of mystery. "You can't see 'Ellipse' from 'Intersection.' So as you walk out of one, you're not thinking about the other."

What you're thinking about may be their size. "Intersection II" is more than 13 feet tall and 51 feet long. "Torqued Ellipse IV" at one point is 32 feet across. Made to be entered, explored, felt in terms of how they divide and define space around you, these gentle, giant landmarks of a 40-year career place Serra today at the very heart of the Museum of Modern Art's mission and capabilities.  Watch videos in which Serra describes the MoMA retrospective and walks you through several of his sculptures »

For a long moment, Serra takes in his own work. These are bafflingly graceful walls of 2-inch-thick steel, mottled and rough. This engaging, articulate man knows how to bend and balance the plates so gorgeously hunkered down in a place usually ruled by far smaller works of Picasso, Giacometti, Rodin, Alexander Calder and Henry Moore.

Serra smiles. "You know what? When they take my work back out of here, this place is going to look like a peewee golf course."

That won't happen until September. Until then, MoMA's new exhibition, "Richard Serra Sculpture: Forty Years," reveals that sense of humor along with the sophisticated spatial concepts the Californian explains as he leads you, glad for your interest, across a terrain all his.  See a gallery of images for perspective on the geometric line, shape and volume of Serra's work »

Born in San Francisco in 1939, educated at Yale, a former painter whose study of art and tradition in Europe left him searching for more dimensions, Serra today is one of the most widely applauded sculptors alive.

Internationally acclaimed for his distinctive ground-cleaving site-specific works in landscape, he's as generous in talking about his art as he is assured in commanding the foundries and steel riggers who render it.

No guarded maestro, hiding methods and intentions, Serra is ready with virtuosic metaphor when given a chance to explain the torus of "Torqued Torus Inversion," gesturing, pointing, doubling back to be sure you follow. "Think of a bicycle rim, and where the tube is in that rim ... the word means doughnut in mathematical language."

For all the grainy computation of geometric and gravitational considerations required to set hundreds of tons at precise tilts over the heads of the thousands moving through MoMA each day, Serra clearly is still seized by the wonder of his own creations.

"The space is almost palpable," he says, standing at the center of one of the two parts of "Torqued Torus Inversion."

"The steel," he says, "is just a wrapping skin that compresses the space."

Suddenly, you understand what he's doing.

"The subject matter" of this work, he tells you, "is your personal experience of walking into and through and around. There really isn't any content until you fulfill your exploration" of a piece.

When Yoshio Taniguchi designed MoMA's soaring new $890 million building between Fifth and Sixth Avenues for its opening in November 2004, this exhibition was already in the works. Read commentary on the Taniguchi building in Manhattan

Kirk Varnedoe, the museum's late chief curator of painting and sculpture, had arranged for the structure to be built with a huge H-shaped exhibition space off the central atrium. The room's floors were reinforced to handle heavy pieces, and a 40-foot section of wall was made to be ripped out as a doorway.

This was all done with the express idea of putting capacious new Serra works on view. Senior Deputy Director of Exhibitions Jennifer Russell says Serra used the size constraints of that breakaway wall in determining the height of the new pieces.  Watch an audio slide show in which Sr. Dep. Director of Exhibitions Jennifer Russell talks about installing the Serra show »

So the retrospective not only brings into major focus the place of this key U.S. figure in the world's conversation on modern art, but it also makes good on what MoMA Director Glenn Lowry likes to call presenting art "full-force." Read more about Lowry's perspective on American art museums.

The museum's array of its power to produce and present abstract work in an accessible, meaningful way is based in the three-stage character of this expansive exhibition.

Visitors may understand these three new works as something akin to steel mazes. Some report the sensation of a tilting floor as they walk through the warm-sienna walls of "Sequence."

They duck into and out of "Torqued Torus Inversion" through the narrow openings in that pair of great tortellini of heavy metal.

And they follow the ribbon of looming steel that snakes its way across the northern end of the hangar-like room. The walls of "Band" form canyons and cul-de-sacs that seem much too simple to create the disorientation they do in a viewer.

Serra says that "Band," more than 71 feet long, is likeliest to spur his next work. And in following its serpentine footprint, he comes out with what might serve as an essential Serra-ism: "You have the idea that you're either in the outside of the space you've just been in, or you're in the inside of the a new space that's on the outside of the space you've been in."

When you walk the piece, you understand what he just said. And you've interacted with a space the sculptor concedes mystifies even him. "I still don't completely understand my relationship to the horizontal field as you walk this piece. ... It's still unknowable to me, so there are potentials in this piece that I haven't explored yet."

In the 1960s, Serra formed Low Rate Movers, a furniture-moving outfit in Lower Manhattan, along with composers Philip Glass and Steve Reich, artist Chuck Close, the late actor Spalding Gray and independent filmmaker Michael Snow. Working only from 23rd Street southward and just a couple of days a week each, he says, members of the group could support their explorative art careers.

"After a while, though," he says, "we stopped moving pianos and refrigerators. Too heavy."

That sounds funny coming from a man who's standing in MoMA's display of his free-standing works in lead, including the 1969 "One Ton Prop (House of Cards)" and other pieces that seem to defy gravity. "I think welding is a form of stitching," Serra says.

But in addition to furniture, these artists moved back and forth a growing vocabulary of post-Minimalist inquiry. "There was a need for me to get back to the process in relation to dealing with matter," says Serra, who is very clear on the point that his work is not Minimalist.

To make "Belts," for example, he says, "We cut rubber into strips or sections, and every time the rubber crossed another piece of rubber, we put a bent nail in it. At the time," he adds, "these pieces were quite abrupt."

Today, starting on MoMA's sixth floor with "Delineator" from the mid-1970s, you still can see eyes widen. "Abrupt" is one way to describe the realization of how that work's two 10-by-26-foot slabs of steel are laid out. Look up: One of them is hanging over your head on the ceiling.

But in an exhibition that runs from a loop of neon tubing to those tidal swirls of steel bent in service to careful, creative calculations, the surprise may be the awe that finally seems to grip even the most reluctant viewer.

In something like the way the stages of Serra's career have evolved, the sixth floor and garden somehow prepare you for the second floor's majestic march of new, eerie, defining works.

"Sequence," "Torqued Torus Inversion" and "Band" don't seem to quite touch that reinforced floor. They hover.

"It seems very weightless," Serra says, recalling the three weeks it took just to get the sculptures assembled on this vast plain that gathers in, at last, so many years of search, discovery and risk-taking.

In 1967 and '68, Serra worked on a handwritten "Verb List" now seen by many as a manifesto for what would come. "To roll, to crease, to fold," the list begins. "Of context, of time, of talk, of photosynthesis, of carbonization," it concludes -- "to continue."

Serra's conversation is as efficient, focused and clean as that list. He moves from work to work, consciously tracking himself in these pieces, intrigued, especially, when he can't fully grasp a work's effects on him.

"There's a redundancy in this piece," he says of the new "Band," happily intrigued. "It seems to be a little maddening."

So is "to madden" a new verb in the growing patois-Serra? Set out like mountains in an indoor range of steel, the sculptor's crouching, floating works at MoMA are waiting, after all, for you to decide.

They seem patient, purposeful, poised to receive your intelligence in their space.

Serra values "anything that engages people in relation to a work," he stresses.

"Anything that says, 'Come here and take a look,' that gets them involved on some level ... different people will come through with different ideas about what it means or what the intention was or what the aesthetic is."

In the work of Richard Serra, you are the subject. E-mail to a friend

Major sponsorship of the Serra exhibition at MoMA is provided by LVNH/Moët Hennessy.

Response: 'Richard Serra Sculpture: Forty Years' runs to September 10 at MoMA. More than 800 tons of monumental steel and free-standing lead constructions. MoMA's Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden one of three venues. Cranes required to hoist steel sections over garden wall and into galleries.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:(CNN) -- A man police believe is a member of the ''Pink Panther'' ring of thieves was transported from Spain to Japan on Saturday to face charges in a major heist at a jewelry shop, a Japanese state news agency reported.

Rifat Hadziahmetovic, 42, of Montenegro, is suspected of stealing a diamond tiara worth 200 million yen ($2.3 million USD) and other jewelry from a Tokyo shop in 2007, according to the Metropolitan Police Department in Tokyo.

Spain agreed to hand Hadziahmetovic, who was in custody for a separate robbery, over to Japan, Kyodo news agency said.

The "Pink Panther" ring, which is believed to have about 200 members, is linked to more than 90 robberies in Europe, the Middle East and Asia since 1999, Kyodo said.

Hadziahmetovic is suspected of participating in other armed robberies in Bahrain, Japan and the United Arab Emirates, according to the Associated Press.

The ring is named after the 1963 movie starring Peter Sellers as the bumbling Inspector Clouseau. Members are believed to be mainly from countries in the Balkans, the AP said.

Response: Suspect in jewelry store heist flown to Japan. Diamond tiara worth $2.3 million stolen in 2007. Robbery ring is named for 1963 Peter Sellers movie.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:ROME, Italy -- Captain Javier Zanetti saved Inter Milan's unbeaten Serie A record as he rifled home a stunning late volley to earn a 1-1 draw against second-placed Roma at the San Siro on Wednesday.

Zanetti celebrates his late strike as Inter retained their unbeaten Serie A record with a 1-1 draw against Roma.

Roma captain Francesco Totti had given the visitors a deserved first-half leadbut Zanetti's strike two minutes from time maintained Inter's nine-point lead at the top.

Roma needed to win to breathe new life into the title race but they were dealt a cruel blow as French defender Philippe Mexes was sent-off late on for two bookings in quick succession.

Inter capitalised and they have now lost only once in their last 65 league matches.

The home side had the first clear-cut chance of the match and were within centimeters of taking the lead when Hernan Crespo met a cross from Patrick Vieira with an acrobatic volley, but saw his effort cannon back off the post.

The defending champions were made to pay for that miss on 38 minutes as the visitors orchestrated a sublime goal.

Neat footwork from Macedonia international Mirko Vucinic released Max Tonetto down the left and his pin-point cross was flicked home at the near post by Totti from six meters out as he stole in front of defender Cristian Chivu.

Inter center-back Nicolas Burdisso should have restored parity in first-half stoppage time but his header from Luis Figo's corner flew over the bar.

Figo himself had a great chance on 54 minutes but after having time to set himself up for an attempted volley, he skewed his effort so badly that it did not even go out of play.

After Mexes' dismissal 10 from time, Inter laid siege to Roma's goal. Goalkeeper Doni had to be alert to tip over Crespo's header three minutes from time but he could do nothing about Zanetti's volley a minute later.

Meanwhile, AC Milan slipped to fifth place as they were held to a 1-1 draw at Catania. Brazilian teenager Pato gave them the lead early in the second half with a skimming long-range shot but substitute Gionathan Spinesi's header earnt the Sicilians a point.

Fiorentina are up to fourth after they defeated Livorno 1-0 at home thanks to a goal from Senegal forward Ndiaye Papa Waigo. E-mail to a friend

Response: Javier Zanetti scores a late goal to earn Inter Milan a 1-1 draw against Roma. The result keeps Inter nine points clear and retains their unbeaten league run. AC Milan slipped to fifth position as they were held to a 1-1 draw at Catania.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:(Health.com) -- When billionaire investor Warren Buffett revealed last week that he has been diagnosed with early-stage prostate cancer, the reaction -- including from Buffett himself -- amounted to a collective shrug.

Buffett said his doctors told him the cancer is "not remotely life-threatening or even debilitating in any meaningful way," which led some observers to wonder why the 81-year-old had bothered to get screened for the disease in the first place.

Since 2008, an independent panel of experts that advises the federal government on preventive care has discouraged the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests -- a type of blood test -- to screen for cancer in men ages 75 and up. Tumors in this population tend to be slow-growing and asymptomatic, so early detection may carry more risks than benefits, the panel concluded.

Health.com: What men must know about PSA tests

Buffett's diagnosis isn't the only sign that this recommendation hasn't sunk in. According to a research letter published this week in the Journal of the American Medical Association, PSA testing rates in men over age 75 have remained steady since the panel released its guidelines in 2008.

National survey data shows that 43% of men in that age bracket underwent PSA screening in 2005. In 2010, the researchers found, 44% reported having a PSA test done -- a statistically negligible difference.

"Screening patterns couldn't have been more similar before and after," says lead researcher Scott E. Eggener, M.D., an assistant professor of surgery at the University of Chicago Medical Center.

PSA tests aren't harmful in and of themselves, but studies have shown that positive results can lead to psychological distress, unnecessary biopsies, and overtreatment.

In older men, most early-stage tumors don't require treatment because the men are likely to succumb to something else before the tumor becomes dangerous. Treatments, including surgery and radiation, may be riskier than continuing to monitor a tumor, since they carry a risk of incontinence and sexual dysfunction. (Buffet, for his part, has elected to undergo radiation.)

Health.com: Do you really need that medical test?

So why haven't screening rates budged? The researchers can only speculate, but it could be that doctors and patients simply aren't aware of the new guidelines. Another, more troubling possibility is that some prostate cancer specialists are recommending PSA tests to collect the reimbursement fee and generate business.

Eggener says neither of these scenarios is especially likely, however. The media coverage surrounding the 2008 guidelines has been hard to miss, he says, and although there may be a "subset" of specialists who are "consciously or unconsciously" overscreening and overtreating their patients, most PSA tests are ordered by primary care physicians with no financial stake in a diagnosis.

What's more likely is that doctors and patients are accustomed to viewing screening as a good thing, and are unable or unwilling to let that belief go despite all the data to the contrary. "Physicians and patients latch onto the concept of screening for cancer and catching cancers early," Eggener says.

The ongoing discussion surrounding the appropriate amount of cancer screening extends beyond prostate cancer. The panel that issued the 2008 guidelines, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), has spurred controversy in recent years by relaxing its screening recommendations for breast and cervical cancer as well.

Health.com: A guide to breast cancer screening

In 2011, the task force released draft guidelines that extended its recommendation against PSA testing to men of all ages. The current trend suggests the new guidelines may go unheeded, especially since not everyone agrees that PSA tests should be universally discouraged.

Even among men in the 75-and-over bracket, Eggener says, screening might make sense for certain patients. Older men in relatively poor health probably won't benefit from early detection and treatment, he says, but that might not be true for a healthy and active 75-year-old who's likely to live long enough for a tumor to spread.

"It's very reasonable to check PSA levels, because it might save that guy's life," he says.

Copyright Health Magazine 2011

Response: Since 2008, experts have discouraged the use of PSA tests for men over 75. Tumors in this population tend to be slow-growing and asymptomatic. Yet data shows that 44% of men in that age bracket underwent PSA screening.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:(CNN) -- The European Union is considering lifting some of its sanctions on Libya, a spokeswoman for the group of nations told CNN Wednesday, a day ahead of a top-level diplomatic summit on post-Gadhafi Libya.

Sanctions will remain in place on Moammar Gadhafi and other individuals, the EU said, but restrictions on ports, oil and gas companies and financial institutions may be removed by the end of the week.

And Italy and Spain announced Wednesday they were lifting blocks on Libyan assets frozen to put pressure on the Gadhafi regime.

Italy is releasing 500 million euros ($720 million) "to give further support to our Libyan friends," Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini said.

He also said the Italian embassy in Tripoli, Libya's capital, will reopen September 1, and that diplomats, administrative officials and experts will begin arriving soon. Frattini said he would propose the appointment of the new Italian ambassador to Libya at Thursday's council of ministers meeting.

Spain is releasing 16 million euros ($23 million) and may unfreeze more, Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero announced.

And Germany recognized the rebel envoy to Berlin as Libya's official ambassdor, asking Gadhafi's representative to leave.

Jamal El-Barag has until September 15 to leave, the German Foreign Office said after accrediting Aly Masednah El-Kothany as the new Libyan representative to the country.

Separately, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, French President Nicolas Sarkozy, British Prime Minister David Cameron and NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen are among those meeting in Paris Thursday to hammer out a way forward on Libya.

Debates are set to include the freeing of Libyan assets and what a United Nations mission to Libya would entail, U.S. and Western diplomats said Wednesday.

A timetable for elections is also on the agenda, they said.

Sixty delegations are slated to attend the Friends of Libya conference, which aims to formally welcome the north African nation back into the international community after the toppling of Gadhafi by rebels with NATO support.

The new authorities, the National Transition Council, would have to formally request U.N. assistance on matters such as election support and institution-building, and the Security Council would have to approve the mission.

The diplomats will also discuss helping Libya restore basic services and get the oil industry running again.

The EU sent an assistance team to Libya Monday as Tripoli faced food and water shortages.

CNN's David Wilkinson, Elise Labott, Al Goodman and Stephanie Halasz and Journalist Livia Borghese contributed to this report.

Response: NEW: Italy and Spain release hundreds of millions of euros in blocked Libyan assets. Restrictions on ports, the oil and gas industry and financial institutions could be removed this week. World leaders meet in Paris this week to hammer out a way ahead on Libya after Gadhafi. They'll discuss elections, freeing assets and how to restore basic services.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:(CNN) -- When the water recedes and the winds calm, the cleanup from Superstorm Sandy will just be beginning. Relief groups and state agencies are registering volunteers to help with recovery efforts in storm-damaged areas in the days and weeks to come.

The New York City Mayor's Office is directing those who want to volunteer to register through NYC Service. People will be notified of opportunities as they become available.

New York Cares coordinates volunteer programs for 1,300 nonprofits, city agencies and public schools, according to its website. The organization is preliminarily registering volunteers and will be organizing disaster recovery projects after the storm passes.

New Jersey has activated its Volunteer Emergency Response Hotline. Local volunteers can call 1-800-JERSEY-7 (1-800-537-7397) to register. The New Jersey Office of Volunteerism and AmeriCorps will match volunteers based on availability and skills.

Boston Cares is organizing volunteers to assist in various locations across Massachusetts. There is an immediate appeal for additional help at Red Cross shelters.

United Way is organizing volunteers in Southeastern Pennsylvania. Go online for more information and to fill out the volunteer form.

Volunteers in Rhode Island can sign up for on-call opportunities through ServeRhodeIsland.org.

Samaritan's Purse will be organizing teams to help with debris clean up throughout the East Coast. Volunteers of any skill level can register online.

Red Cross volunteers have been dispatched from across the country to help the East Coast. Become a Red Cross Disaster Volunteer and support future Red Cross disaster response efforts.

Local Community Emergency Response Teams have also responded with help during and after the storm. To learn about CERT training and find programs in your area, go online.

In all emergency and disaster situations, volunteers should not self-deploy -- for their own safety and the safety of others. Visit Impact Your World for more ways to get involved and help all those affected by Superstorm Sandy.

How to help

Response: Relief groups and state agencies are registering volunteers to help in the wake of Sandy. Volunteers are needed immediately and in the weeks to come. Stay informed of ways you can help those impacted by Sandy at CNN.com/Impact.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:(CNN) -- It's being called the most expensive divorce in the history of ... well, marriage.

Russia's Dmitry Rybolovlev, 47, earned the dubious honor when Geneva, Switzerland's Court of First Instance last week ordered the 47-year-old billionaire to pay his wife, Elena, about 4 billion Swiss francs, according to CNN's French affiliate BFM.

That's a little more than $4.5 billion (little being a relative term).

The couple was married for 23 years but have been engaged in divorce proceedings since 2008, BFM reported, citing the Swiss daily newspaper Le Temps.

Rybolovlev, who owns the French soccer team AS Monaco, which finished second in Ligue 1 this season, is No. 148 on Forbes' list of billionaires. His estimated worth is $8.8 billion, according to Forbes.

Known lately for real estate moves -- including the purchases of a $300 million penthouse in Monaco and a $98 million Palm Beach, Florida, mansion owned by Donald Trump, along with his daughter's purchases of an $88 million New York apartment and the Greek island of Skorpios -- Rybolovlev made his original fortune in fertilizer, according to Forbes.

He and his father, a scientist, started their business in 1990, and Rybolovlev began buying shares of industrial enterprises in 1992, Forbes reported.

In 1995, he was named chairman of the board of Uralkali, Russia's top producer of potassium fertilizers, Forbes said. He sold his stake in Uralkali for $6.5 billion in 2010 and procured a controlling stake in AS Monaco the following year.

The divorce puts Rybolovlev in rarefied company, as only French businessman and art dealer Alec Wildenstein and Bernie Ecclestone, the top dog in Formula One racing, have been reported to shell out more than $1 billion in divorce proceedings.

11 intriguing things owned by wealthy Russians

World's 'most expensive divorce' set to halve oligarch's fortune

CNN's Tara Kangarlou contributed to this report.

Response: Dmitry Rybolovlev ordered to pay his wife, Elena, more than $4.5 billion, report says. He is known most recently for his real estate moves and his purchase of AS Monaco. Dmitry and Elena Rybolovlev, both 47, have been married 23 years, according to reports. Russian billionaire made his original fortune with Uralkali, a Russian fertilizer company.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:At age 16, Rob McCullough walked into an LA Boxing gym for the first time. The teen had left home, moving from one friend's couch to another, and now finally felt like he found a place where he belonged.

"I went to the gym and worked out, and worked out my stuff," he says. "That was kind of my safe haven."

After taking his first class and leaving with a compliment from the instructor, McCullough was hooked. "It built self-confidence," he recalls. "At the end of the day, I felt great about it."

Life was difficult at times for McCullough and his seven siblings who were raised by a single mother. Constantly relocating, he remembers how other kids were not always welcoming when the family moved to a new neighborhood. "I dealt with bullying growing up as a kid because I was always the new guy at the school," he says.

By the time he reached high school, a new challenge would shape his future.

"Going to a school with a lot of gangs at one point was kind of one of the things that got me to start and think, 'If I learned how to fight really well, people won't want to bother me at all,' " he says.

McCullough, known to his fans as "the Razor," didn't just learn to fight. He went on to become a World Extreme Cagefighting and five-time United World Muay Thai Association champion, making a successful career taking down opponents in the ring.

From a childhood with such challenges, McCullough found both a passion and an occupation. "I found sports.  I found mixed martial arts; it was like therapy," he says.

Now McCullough, together with LA Boxing, said he wants other children who face bullying to have the same opportunity. "I would like to share with other kids that maybe if they are going through issues of being bullied, or they are a bully, it's a place that they can go to to work that stuff out," he says.

Through the anti-bullying campaign, McCullough said he is sending a message to kids. "We are going to schools in neighboring areas that we have gyms, so that these kids know there is a safe haven that they can go to." The campaign reaches out to children by holding interactive assemblies at schools nationwide, promoting gyms as a positive resource for building self-confidence.

He isn't doing it alone. Big names in the martial arts arena, such as Ultimate Fighting Championship President Dana White and former light heavyweight champion Tito Ortiz, have joined in to help stop bullying and promote their sport.

"We are guys that fight for a living, and we could obviously be mistaken for bullies, but we are nothing of the sort," McCullough says.

"We fight for many reasons, but we don't fight to be bullies."

For some of these fighters, the struggle with bullying is personal.  "I have interesting stories from guys that are current active fighters," McCullough says. " I had one guy say, 'I would love to be a part of this campaign because I used to stutter and I got made fun of all through high school.' "

McCullough now has another reason to get involved. "I have a 2-year-old son, and I started to think about it," he says. "What if my kid gets picked on?"

Martial arts may not appeal to all the children in the campaign's assemblies, but McCullough said he is sure the message is true for everyone.  "I think at the end of the day it's respect," he says.

"Sports did it for me, and it did it for a lot of my friends that are professional athletes. It gives you something to focus on."

Response: Rob "the Razor" McCullough is a top fighter in mixed martial arts. Changing schools often, he spent much of his childhood dealing with bullies. McCullough joined with LA Boxing to lead a nationwide anti-bullying campaign. The campaign holds interactive assemblies and offers gym services to students.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:(CNN)Following last year's successful U.K. tour, Prince and 3rdEyeGirl are bringing the Hit & Run Tour to the U.S. for the first time.

The first -- and so far only -- scheduled show will take place in Louisville, Kentucky, the hometown of 3rdEyeGirl drummer Hannah Welton. Slated for March 14, tickets will go on sale Monday, March 9 at 10 a.m. local time.

Prince crowns dual rock charts

A venue has yet to be announced. When the Hit & Run worked its way through the U.K. in 2014, concert venues were revealed via Twitter prior to each show.

Portions of the ticket sales will be donated to various Louisville charities.

See the original story at Billboard.com.

©2015 Billboard. All Rights Reserved.

Response: It will be a first time for the tour stateside. First show will be in Louisville, Kentucky.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:Orlando, Florida (CNN) -- An Orlando, Florida, airport official wants to join the small group of U.S. airports who use a private company to screen passengers instead of the Transportation Security Administration.

Larry Dale, president of the Sanford Airport Authority in Orlando, says the airport first considered the change in February and it was approved on Oct. 5.

"Airports are unique...one size doesn't fit all," Dale told CNN's American Morning on Friday. Dale says his board and staff have been looking at other airports that provide their own security in preparation for making the switch at Orlando Sanford International Airport. Dale says his research shows that using a private security screening company would be "more efficient and more enjoyable to the public."

Dale's comments come during a week in which the TSA has been under fire for it's airport screening procedures, including imaging technology and pat downs. TSA is in charge of protecting the nation's transportation systems.

Private airport security is not uncommon. The TSA lists 16 airports that are currently participating in its Screening Partnership Program. They include San Francisco International Airport, Kansas City International Airport, Greater Rochester International Airport and Key West International Airport. Participating airports work with TSA to hire an approved security contractor and must follow TSA security guidelines when screening passengers and baggage, according to the TSA website.

"All commercial airports are regulated by TSA whether the actual screening is performed by the TSA officers or private companies. The TSA sets the security standards that must be followed and includes the use of enhanced pat downs and imaging technology, if installed at the airport," said TSA spokesman Greg Soule.

Congressman John Mica, R-Florida, the ranking member of the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, wrote a letter to the nation's 100 busiest airports urging them to ditch the TSA for private security.

Watch American Morning weekdays 6am to 9am ET. For the latest from American Morning click here.

Response: 16 airports use private security. TSA must approve the company. Florida Congressman John Mica urges others to go private.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:(CNN Student News) -- January 14, 2014

It's not every day that the three branches of U.S. government intersect, but we're breaking down why and how in today's edition of CNN Student News. We also report on water pollution in West Virginia, a security warning regarding the Sochi Olympics, and a student who refuses to let Down Syndrome keep him from going to college.

On this page you will find today's show Transcript, the Daily Curriculum, and a place for you to leave feedback.

TRANSCRIPT

Click here to access the transcript of today's CNN Student News program.

Please note that there may be a delay between the time when the video is available and when the transcript is published.

DAILY CURRICULUM

Click here for a printable version of the Daily Curriculum (PDF).

Media Literacy Question of the Day:

How might public health officials use media to inform residents of a potentially dangerous situation?

Key Concepts: Identify or explain these subjects you heard about in today's show:

1. advice and consent

2. recess appointments

3. parts per million (ppm)

Fast Facts: How well were you listening to today's program?

1. What is the focus of the case between Congress and the president that was heard before the Supreme Court yesterday?

2. Why did officials in some parts of West Virginia tell residents not to use their tap water? According to the video, how are residents dealing with the ban?

3. Where will this year's Winter Olympics be held? Why did the U.S. State Department issue a travel warning for Americans going there?

Discussion Questions:

1. If you were arguing each side in the Supreme Court case discussed in today's program, what points would you make? In this case, do you think that the framers of the Constitution would be more sympathetic to the president or to the Congress? Why?

2. What other examples of checks and balances can you recall from other recent news stories? In each case, did any one branch of government have an advantage? Explain.

3. Have you ever had to deal with a water emergency due to a storm or other catastrophe? If so, how did you work around it? If not, how would you handle a ban on tap water if your community were faced with it? What would you do?

4. What different roles and responsibilities fall under the U.S. Department of State regarding Americans' travel? What kinds of situations might prompt an American traveler to contact the State Department for help?

CNN Student News is created by a team of journalists and educators who consider the Common Core State Standards, national standards in different subject areas, and state standards when producing the show and curriculum. We hope you use our free daily materials along with the program, and we welcome your feedback on them.

FEEDBACK

We're looking for your feedback about CNN Student News. Please use this page to leave us comments about today's program, including what you think about our stories and our resources. Also, feel free to tell us how you use them in your classroom. The educators on our staff will monitor this page and may respond to your comments as well.

Thank you for using CNN Student News!

Click here to submit your Roll Call request.

Response: This page includes the show Transcript and the Daily Curriculum. Use the Transcript to help students with reading comprehension and vocabulary. The Daily Curriculum offers the Media Literacy Question of the Day, Key Concepts, Fast Facts and Discussion Questions. At the bottom of the page, please share your feedback about our show and curriculum.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:(CNN) -- Saudi Arabia's health minister was the first person in the country to receive the H1N1 vaccination Saturday in a televised event aimed at calming fears about the safety of the vaccine.

After Abdullah Al-Rabeeah got the vaccine, his daughter and several other government officials received it, a spokesman for the Saudi Health Ministry said.

The vaccinations became a thorny issue in Saudi Arabia and some neighboring countries after the government strongly recommended the vaccine to people coming to the country for the Hajj, a pilgrimage required of Muslims at least once in their lives.

Health officials have been concerned about how to keep the virus, also known as swine flu, from spreading among the millions of visitors expected in Saudi Arabia during this year's Hajj.

But some have expressed fears about the vaccination.

"I'm being forced to get this shot," said Saher Abu Al-Khair, an Egyptian who is planning a pilgrimage. "And if God wills that I should die as a result, so be it."

Saudi's Health Ministry said it hoped televising the health minister rolling up his sleeve for the shot will help calm fears.

"I have taken the adjuvant vaccine to tell them that even adjuvant vaccine is safe and I gave it to my daughter in public because we've been studying this for the last few months," the health minister said.

"We're confident that it is similar to seasonal flu vaccine and we feel that it is safe."

CNN's Mohammed Jamjoom and Ben Wedeman contributed to this report.

Response: Health officials concerned about spread of swine flu from millions visiting country for this year's Hajj. Some Saudis have expressed fears about the safety of the H1N1 vaccination prompting Abdullah Al-Rabeeah's action. Health Ministry: "We're confident that it is similar to seasonal flu vaccine and we feel that it is safe".


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:(CNN) -- In a first for the prestigious organization, a Nobel Prize will go to a man who died just days before being named a winner.

Ralph Steinman, a biologist with Rockefeller University, was named a winner Monday of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He would have won half the prize of approximately $1.5 million; the other half will be shared by scientists Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann.

Steinman died of pancreatic cancer Friday at the age of 68, after having extended his life using a kind of therapy he designed, his university said in a statement Monday.

The Nobel committee was unaware of his death. Had they known, their own rules would have precluded him being selected as a winner. The decision was made Monday, just before the announcement, Nobel officials said.

"The events that have occurred are unique and, to the best of our knowledge, are unprecedented in the history of the Nobel Prize," the Nobel Assembly said in a statement, announcing that Steinman will remain a Nobel laureate.

Making the decision meant circumventing one of the Nobel rules.

The Nobel Prize website states that since 1974, rules have stipulated that a prize "cannot be awarded posthumously, unless death has occurred after the announcement."

In its statement Monday, the Nobel Assembly said it interpreted "the purpose of the rule" as making sure no one is "deliberately" awarded the prize posthumously. Because the committee did not know of Steinman's death, the decision "was made in good faith," the assembly said.

The Nobel committee also expressed "deep sadness and regret" at the news.

Speaking to CNN, Goran Hansson, secretary-general of the Nobel assembly overseeing the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, said the fact that Steinman didn't know he would win "adds to the sadness."

Hansson said that after the committee chose the winners Monday, he tried to call Steinman to inform him of the good news.

Rockefeller University said Steinman "discovered the immune system's sentinel dendritic cells and demonstrated that science can fruitfully harness the power of these cells and other components of the immune system to curb infections and other communicable diseases."

"He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer four years ago, and his life was extended using a dendritic cell-based immunotherapy of his own design," the university said in a statement.

The Nobel committee noted Steinman's "discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity."

Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann won "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity."

In 1996, William Vickrey died days after the announcement that he had won the Nobel Prize in economics.

Before 1974, two people received Nobel Prizes posthumously -- Dag Hammarskjold won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1961, and Erik Axel Karlfeldt won for literature in 1931.

Monday's announcement about the winners kicked off a week of awards that will also honor achievements in physics, chemistry, literature, peace and economics.

The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute said Beutler, Hoffmann and Steinman have "revolutionized our understanding of the immune system by discovering key principles for its activation."

"Bruce Beutler and Jules Hoffmann discovered receptor proteins that can recognize such microorganisms and activate innate immunity, the first step in the body's immune response," the committee said in a written statement. "Ralph Steinman discovered the dendritic cells of the immune system and their unique capacity to activate and regulate adaptive immunity, the later stage of the immune response during which microorganisms are cleared from the body."

The Nobel laureates' discoveries and work have opened up new opportunities for the development of prevention and therapy against infections, cancer and inflammatory diseases, the committee said.

The prize in medicine, worth 10 million Swedish kronor (about $1.5 million), went last year to Robert G. Edwards, "the father of the test tube baby."

Since the first birth from in vitro fertilization in 1978, Edwards' work has led to the birth of about 4 million babies, the awards committee said in praising his work.

On Tuesday, the committee will announce its award for achievement in physics. The next day, the winner of the Nobel Prize in chemistry will be announced.

The committee will announce the most anticipated of the annual honors -- the Nobel Peace Prize -- on Friday.

On October 10, the committee will announce its award for the prize for economics.

Since 1901, the committee has handed out the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 101 times. The youngest recipient was Frederick G. Banting, who won in 1923 at the age of 32. The oldest medicine laureate was Peyton Rous, who was 87 years old when he was awarded the prize in 1966.

Response: NEW: Ralph Steinman remains the Nobel laureate, the committee says. NEW: The situation is unprecedented in Nobel history, the committee says. Steinman, 68, died days ago after extending his life with his own discoveries. The other half of the prize, and about $1.5 million, goes to Bruce Beutler and Jules Hoffmann.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:(CNN)  -- Top seed and defending champion Serena Williams charged into her sixth Wimbledon final where she will play Russian Vera Zvonareva on Saturday.

Williams ended the dreams of unseeded Czech Petra Kvitova with a 7-6 6-2 victory in their semifinal on Centre Court on Friday.

Earlier, Zvonareva came from a set down to beat another unseeded player, Bulgarian Tsvetana Pironkova, 3-6 6-3 6-2.

Williams was extended by Kvitova in a near hour-long first set, which saw both exchange breaks before going into a tiebreak.

The world number one raced into a 4-0 lead before Kvitova fought back and it needed a strong service winner from Williams to close it out 7-5.

Williams broke the left-hander in the fifth game of the second set and extended her advantage in the penultimate game.

But that was not before Kvitova had won the rally of the match, a 19-stroke thriller, to save a break point.

But Williams eventually took the game to go up a double break and served out for the match.

Only Zvonareva stands between her and a fourth Wimbledon title to add to her victory in the Australian Open earlier this year.

But the tournament favorite is still wary of the challenge of her talented opponent.

"I've had some unbelievable matches against her, she's really tough," she told BBC Sport.

The 25-year-old Zvonareva reached her first grand slam final after seeing off Pirinkova, who beat Venus Williams in the quarterfinals.

"I haven't quite realized what I've done yet," Zvonareva told AFP.

"It is very exciting. It's one of my dreams to be in the final."

The turning point of their match came in the sixth game of the second set as Zvonareva made the breakthrough on Pirinkova's service and went on to level at a set all.

A break in the very first game of the decider put Zvonoreva on top and she broke again as Pirinkova missed a forehand.

But she will need to be at her best in Saturday's showpiece as Williams bids for her 13th grand slam singles title.

Response: Serena Williams to take on Vera Zvonareva in women's singles final at Wimbledon. Top seed Williams beats unseeded Czech Petra Kvitova 7-6 6-2. 21st seed Zvonareva of Russia saw off Bulgarian outside Tsvetana Pironkova in three sets.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:(CNN) -- Beijing hosted one of the most memorable Summer Olympics in recent history -- now the Chinese capital is hoping to welcome the world's top Winter Games stars for the first time in a joint 2022 bid.

The 2008 host, along with the northern city of Zhangjiakou, is vying with several European cities after having officially entered the bidding, according to the Chinese Olympic Committee (COC).

Beijing would stage the ice events, reports the country's state-run news agency Xinhua, while snow-based competitions would take place in Zhangjiakou.

"The 2008 Olympics has left many legacies to Beijing, which includes experience and sufficient infrastructure," Beijing Sports Bureau chief Li Yingchuan told Xinhua.

"Take the Capital Stadium as an example, it has about 10,000 seats."

Beijing hosted an International Skating Union competition earlier this month but would still require a new speed skating arena.

There are plans to build an express railway line to cover the 174 km distance from Beijing to Zhangjiakou, which is in Hebei Province.

It is estimated the journey time will be just 40 minutes, but Li is wary of the cost to the local environment.

"The government has already started to tackle the problem," said Li. "I believe in 10 years the situation will be much better."

China faces a fight to win the hosting rights, with Germany's Munich, the Norwegian capital Oslo, Almaty in Kazahkstan, Poland's Krakow, Ukraine's Lviv and Sweden's Oestersund all in the mix.

There is also the fact that Pyeongchang of South Korea will host the 2018 Winter Games -- making it unlikely that another Asian country would succeed in 2022.

"There is a rotation rule, though unwritten, in the bid. Since Pyeongchang won the 2018 bid, Beijing as another Asian city will face a daunting task to beat the odds," Li said.

"I would say anything is possible. Even if Beijing loses this time, we will continue our efforts in the future."

A decision on which country will host the 2022 Games will be made in July 2015 by the International Olympic Committee.

Japan is the only Asian country to have hosted the Winter Olympics, in Sapporo (1972) and Nagano (1998).

Response: China makes bid to host Winter Olympic Games in 2022. Beijing plans to stage Games along with city of Zhangjiakou. Plans to build railway to link two venues unveiled. Faces challenge from several other cities including Munich, Oslo and Krakow.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:(CNN) -- In recent days, the South Carolina Republican primary has been referred to as the Super Bowl, ground zero and even "Armageddon." This hyperbole has been matched by the outrageous amount of money being spent here on political TV advertising: $11.3 million.

Why? There is a lot at stake in Saturday's contest, and the campaigns know it. Without a strong finish, candidates will find that cash, supporters and key endorsements dry up. With it, they'll live to fight another day. Either way, South Carolina Republicans will most likely continue their tradition of picking the candidate who turns out to be the GOP nominee, something they have done since 1980.

Here is a political primer from an actual South Carolinian who is a veteran of many of these battles:

First: Does the South Carolina GOP primary deserve its reputation as a take-no-prisoners, bare-knuckled battleground, like the media keep saying? Yes. Post-New Hampshire, my tweet urged the candidates to "bring their big boy pants."

We have a long tradition here of hard-hitting attacks, both on the air and below the radar. This year is no different. We don't just pick a candidate, we pick presidents here in South Carolina. Most of the campaigning is done in 15 GOP-leaning counties, which account for 80% of the vote, with a focus on a "Super Seven" that make up more than 52% of the vote. Those seven pit the Upstate social conservatives against the laissez-faire crowd along the Coast.

In South Carolina, we don't register by parties; the GOP primary is open to all those who call themselves Republicans. Our voters are a much more diverse group than those in Iowa and New Hampshire. Yes, Christian conservatives dominate the GOP here, but victory in South Carolina means you have successfully appealed to a wide variety of Republican concerns. It means you have the support of fiscal conservatives (Coast and Upstate), social conservatives (Upstate and all around), transplanted retirees (Upstate and Coastal Low Country), business owners (Statewide) and veterans (Midlands and Coast).

Yes, many of us do cling to our Bibles, our guns, and also to our status as a right-to-work state.

We are not big fans of the federal government. (Example: The National Labor Relations Board recently tried to prevent Boeing from building a multibillion-dollar plant in Charleston that would create thousands of jobs because the board's counsel said Boeing was punishing workers in Washington state for union activity; the NLRB has since dropped the case.) But I would be lying if I said the majority of South Carolina GOP voters are strongly anti-government. Most here think there is a role for the government, but we disagree on just how big it should be.

Like everywhere else, the key issue here is jobs. Yes, social issues matter a lot to voters. Immigration reform matters. Taxes and defense issues matter. But jobs and economic development matter most in 2012. Our 9.9% statewide unemployment puts us ahead of the national average and is partially due to a lack of jobs in rural areas. And yet, other areas are doing fairly well.

Consider that this past week, BMW announced a new $900 million investment that is expected to bring 300 new jobs, for starters, to Spartanburg in the Upstate. Along with the German automaker, we are also home to Michelin, Hitachi, Boeing (no thanks to the NLRB), Milliken and many other manufacturers. We have thousands of small-business owners who take personal and professional risks every single day, creating jobs and opportunities for their families and communities.

It is against this backdrop that close to 400,000 voters will cast their ballots Saturday. Each is really focused on one overriding theme: beating President Obama. They will come from across the GOP spectrum, not just those hard-core ideologues that seem to make the most news.

To give you an example, consider that on Sunday, Mitt Romney secured the endorsement of The Greenville News, in the heart of the social conservatives. Jon Huntsman, before dropping out of the race, received the endorsement of The State, of Columbia. Rick Perry and Newt Gingrich are doing their best to recover from missteps and misstatements, and, well, Ron Paul is Ron Paul.

And of course, Rick Santorum is hoping to somehow capitalize on the support of the faith-based community after a conclave of evangelical leaders in Texas threw their support to him this past weekend. This will be more difficult with Perry and Gingrich still in the race, splitting the evangelical vote.

As for results, barring a major mistake, I think Romney -- who is, and has consistently been, running well ahead of his rivals -- will be the last man standing here Saturday night. And once again, South Carolina will have done her job.

Join CNN Opinion on Facebook and follow updates on Twitter.

The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of Hollis Felkel.

Response: Hollis Felkel: South Carolina primary winner historically ends up with GOP presidential nod. He says GOP there dominated by Christian conservatives, but engaged on diverse issues. He says right-to-work, immigration, tax and defense issues matter, but mostly jobs. Felkel: Regions of state may differ on candidates, but GOP united on wanting to beat Obama.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:(CNN) -- It was Muhammad Ali who warned his opponents he would "float like a butterfly and sting like a bee".

Now, perhaps Borussia Dortmund can claim similar after crushing Real Madrid 4-1 in the first leg of its Champions League semifinal Wednesday.

Decked out in black and yellow, it swarmed around Real from the start with a buzz and infectious enthusiasm to be marveled at -- but it was left to one man to administer the fatal sting.

Robert Lewandowski, the Poland striker, was already one of the most feared forwards in European football before his took the field.

He left with his reputation enhanced four-fold, his asking price at an all-time high and his team within touching distance of next month's Champions League final.

His four goals lit up an extraordinary encounter in which Dortmund went from young pretenders to serious contenders.

Barring the prospect of miracles at Camp Nou and the Bernabeu next week, Dortmund will contest the first ever all-German Champions League final against Bayern Munich at Wembley on May 25.

"It was an unbelievable," Dortmund boss Jurgen Klopp told Sky Sports.

"It was a great game by my team. It was so difficult today because they are so strong and fast and they are so brilliant on the counterattack.

"The first 25 minutes were great and then we lost a bit of our game. Not so much but enough to let them come up.

"They got (level) and at the break we told the players: 'Maybe you think there was a wrong decision by the referee but in the last game we had a wrong decision from the referee and we had the winner. Go back to the strong first 25 minutes'."

CNN Football Club: What would you ask Brad Friedel?

Forget that Real, the nine-time winners and richest club in the world, was expected to qualify for the final.

Forget that Real, boasting the mercurial talent of Cristiano Ronaldo, failed to produce their normal level of performance.

Instead, focus on one of the most exciting and vibrant sides to have emerged in European competition for many a year.

The fresh faced innocence, the youthful zest, the unbounded energy, all these traits have helped shape a Dortmund side, which is quickly winning the hearts of football fans across the globe.

German football is enjoying a stellar spell in the spotlight with fan ownership, cheap tickets, high attendances and huge television audiences making the Bundesliga one of the most popular leagues in the world.

If Bayern's 4-0 win over Barcelona on Tuesday night was supposedly the beginning of a power shift from Spain to Germany, then Dortmund's dominance confirmed it.

Everywhere you looked on the field, Dortmund was in control. Lewandowski led the line, a lone warrior refusing to be tamed by a Real defense appearing more and more desperate as the night progressed.

The prodigiously talented Ilkay Gundogan, who shielded his defense with an authority and maturity way beyond his 22 years, ran the midfield.

Mario Goetze, playing just over 24 hours since his $48 million move to Bayern had been confirmed, showed just why incoming manager Pep Guardiola was so keen to lure the gifted playmaker to the Allianz Arena.

Alongside the fleet footed Marco Reus, the pair tore into a Real side which looked anemic inside the red hot atmosphere of the Westfalenstadion.

Real would have expected Dortmund to start at breakneck speed, but even it was taken aback by the pace, power and ferocity of the German side.

Just seven minutes had elapsed when the wonderfully talented Reus danced his way through the Real defense, before unleashing a rasping effort which was parried away by Diego Lopez.

That was a warning of what was to follow and less than 60 seconds later the home side forged ahead when Goetze produced a sublime cross from the left for Lewandowski to poke home.

The buzz and energy with which Dortmund played appeared to overwhelm the Spanish champion, which was swept away with consummate ease.

But while Dortmund dominated, it was unable to add to its advantage and was made to pay as Real struck back with just two minutes of the half remaining.

With the home players still appealing for a penalty for what they considered to be a foul on Reus, the visiting team took advantage in devastating fashion.

A long ball was misjudged by Mats Hummels and Gonzalo Higuain ran clear to square for Cristiano Ronaldo to roll the ball home.

Ronaldo's strike, his sixth in six consecutive Champions League games, appeared to have left Dortmund in a daze.

But whatever Klopp said to his side at the break worked a treat as they produced one of the most enthralling second half displays in recent times.

It was Lewandowski who led the charge, firing home his second within five minutes of the restart after taking Reus' deflected effort in his path.

His third followed soon after, and when it came, it was worth waiting for.

Marcel Schmelzer's cross-cum-shot found the forward inside the penalty area and the striker produced an exquisite turn before sending an unstoppable effort into the roof of the net.

Dortmund were rampant and the hugely impressive Gundogan almost added a fourth when his fierce effort was brilliantly tipped away by Lopez in the Real goal.

That fourth goal was not far away, however, and when Xavi Alonso fouled Reus inside the penalty area, Lewandowski stood up to power home from 12-yards.

Not since the legendary Hungarian striker Ferenc Puskas in 1960 had anybody scored four times in a European Cup semfinal or final.

That tally could have been greater but Lopez produced another stunning save to push the Pole's fierce effort over the crossbar.

Real did rally late on with Ronaldo and Raphael Varane both going close, but Jose Mourinho's men must now hope for an incredible turnaround next Tuesday.

Only once has a team emerged victorious after conceding a three goal deficit in a Champions League knockout stage.

On that occasion, Deportivo La Coruna came back from a 4-1 defeat at AC Milan to win 5-4 on aggregate courtesy of a 4-0 home win.

"I think Dortmund were the best team by far," Real boss Mourinho told Sky Sports.

"They won every individual battle on the pitch, they were stronger physically and mentally so I think they deserve it. How did it go from 1-1 to 4-1? I don't know.

"Everything happened in a short space of time. We lost easy possession and we couldn't cope with their counter attack and their transition.

"We know everything about Robert Lewandowski, every detail possible and we lost him in three goals. It's very disappointing.

"When we lose and we don't deserve to lose, with me, it's a drama, when I do deserve to lose I accept it. Of course the boy deserves credit for what he did but we gave him every support for man of the match."

A 3-0 win would take Real through to the final and keep alive its hopes of winning "La Decima" -- the club's tenth trophy in the competition.

But the task looks nearly impossible following its abject showing in Dortmund.

"It will be very difficult in the return leg at home but we must remain confident and try to react," Real captain Sergio Ramos told reporters.

"When the draw for the semifinals was made a lot of people thought this was going to be easy for us, but this is a German team we are talking about. They are a great side."

Response: Borussia Dortmund crush Real Madrid 4-1 in first leg of Champions League semifinal. Robert Lewandowski scored all four goals for German side. Cristiano Ronaldo had made it 1-1 three minutes before halftime. Real host second leg at the Bernabeu next Tuesday.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:Moscow (CNN) -- The death toll in a Moscow metro derailment Tuesday has reached 22, the state-run RIA Novosti news agency said.

Another 160 people are injured, of whom more than 120 were hospitalized, the Moscow health care department said. Of those, a few dozen were in critical condition.

The derailment took place during morning rush hour in the Russian capital. Three metro train cars derailed in a tunnel, the state-run ITAR-Tass news agency reported.

More than 200 people were evacuated, the Emergency Ministry said on its website.

Dozens of ambulances arrived at the scene, along with three helicopters, to help shuttle the injured to hospitals, ITAR-Tass said.

Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin declared Wednesday as a day of mourning.

The cause is under investigation

It was not clear what caused the derailment, but the head of Moscow's Transportation Department said it was not a terrorist attack.

However, it's still subject to a criminal investigation as authorities seek to find out what's behind the crash.

In the moments afterward, many of those caught up in the derailment scrambled back up to the surface at the station west of central Moscow, some bleeding and dazed as they emerged.

The rescue operation had become a recovery operation by Tuesday afternoon as emergency workers sought to free the remaining bodies from within the mangled train cars.

Their efforts were made more difficult by the depth of Moscow's metro lines, on which roughly 11 million people travel daily.

The metro system -- the backbone of the city's public transit network -- has been the target of past terror attacks.

Train derails in northern India, killing at least 9 people

Train derailment and crash kill passengers near Moscow

CNN's Alla Eshchenko reported from Moscow, and CNN's Laura Smith-Spark wrote from London. CNN's Phil Black contributed to this report.

Response: NEW: The death toll rises to 22, RIA Novosti says. NEW: More than 120 people are hospitalized. Three metro train cars derailed in a tunnel during rush hour, ITAR-Tass says. The cause of the derailment is not clear; officials have ruled out terrorism.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:London (CNN)The condition of a UK nurse infected with Ebola has improved, and she is no longer critically ill, the London hospital where she is being treated said Monday.

On December 29, Pauline Cafferkey, 39, of Glasgow, Scotland, became the first person to be diagnosed with the virus on UK soil shortly after returning from Sierra Leone.

On January 3, London's Royal Free Hospital said Cafferkey's condition had deteriorated to critical.

But in a statement Monday, the hospital updated her condition.

"The Royal Free Hospital is pleased to announce that Pauline Cafferkey is showing signs of improvement and is no longer critically ill," it said. "She remains in isolation as she receives specialist care for the Ebola virus."

On December 31, the hospital said Cafferkey had decided to have a blood plasma treatment -- using plasma from Ebola survivors -- and to take an experimental antiviral drug.

The Royal Free is equipped with a high-level isolation unit, where access is restricted to specially trained medical staff. A specially designed tent with controlled ventilation covers the patient's bed.

Cafferkey had been working at Save the Children's Kerry Town Ebola treatment center in Sierra Leone for six weeks before she returned to Glasgow via Casablanca and London Heathrow airports.

Last week, Save the Children said it was "doing everything possible" to establish how Cafferkey contracted Ebola and had been conducting a review since she was confirmed as having the virus.

Response: A UK nurse infected with Ebola has improved and is no longer critically ill, hospital says. Pauline Cafferkey, 39, is the first person to have been diagnosed with Ebola on UK soil. She contracted the virus after working in Sierra Leone and became ill after returning to Britain.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:L'AQUILA, Italy (CNN) -- The youngest hadn't lived half a year. The oldest had lived nearly a hundred.

A rescue worker Friday kisses the coffin of a child killed by this week's earthquake in central Italy.

The official government list of victims from this week's earthquake in central Italy reached 287 on Friday, as Italians held a mass state funeral to lay the victims to rest.

They included Antonio Loavan Ghiroceanu, who was born December 11. He would have been  6 months old on Saturday.

The oldest-known victim of the quake was Evandro Testa, 96, who was born in 1913.

More than 200 caskets were lined up at the funeral, draped with flowers. At least one small white coffin belonging to a child sat atop a larger coffin, a baby's pastel outfit hanging off the side.

The funeral was being held outside a hangar in Coppito, a town adjacent to the earthquake's epicenter of L'Aquila.

Officials elected to hold the Mass in the open air to avoid the risk of injury from falling debris. Aftershocks continue to shake the region more than four days after the earthquake, and some were even felt during Friday's funeral.

All of the area's cardinals and bishops, along with 100 priests, attended the special funeral Mass. Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi was also there, greeting and embracing some of the thousands of mourners before the service.

Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone presided over the Mass as an envoy from Pope Benedict XVI, who plans to visit the region after Easter.  Watch Italy bury its dead »

Bertone said the funeral was a "precious moment" to understand the meaning of life and death.

"Everything can stop in a second -- projects, plans -- everything finishes. All that remains is love," he said. Watch more on funeral

Mourners, who were transported to the funeral on buses, dabbed their eyes and noses. Some stared at the ground or held each other. Few appeared focused on anything but remembering the victims.

"I feel rebirth in the heart, because below that rubble there is a will to rebuild, to start again, to plan and to dream," Bertone said, offering a message of hope.

The towns of L'Aquila and the surrounding region, he said, "will come back stronger, will have more courage and give life to these places with that power and strength and dignity of the soul that distinguishes them."

As well as sending Bertone to deliver his message, the pope sent holy oils to L'Aquila and a chalice with which to take Communion.

Archbishop Giuseppe Molinari of L'Aquila also planned to deliver a message.

The 6.3-magnitude quake Monday morning left about 30,000 people without their homes. Almost 20,000 of them are braving chilly nights in tents while about 11,000 others are staying in hotels, said Agostino Miozzo, a spokesman for the Italian Civil Protection Agency. Watch more on the aftermath

Recovering from such losses and rebuilding the city of L'Aquila will take several years, according to Miozzo. The medieval city is about 120 km (75 miles) northeast of Rome.

Berlusconi has said rebuilding will cost several billion euros.

Aftershocks have heightened anxiety in the area -- including a moderate 5.6 magnitude tremor that struck the area Tuesday.

"The mood is a little bit afraid," said Marco Volponi of the Civil Protection agency. He was working in a tent camp, housing people whose homes were inhabitable.

In the nearby village of Onna, 40 people -- more than one out of every eight residents in the town of 300 -- were killed in the earthquake. On some streets, every single home was destroyed.

Anna Rita Difilice lost her son, Fabio, 20, to the quake -- the deadliest to strike Italy in decades and the first major quake in the country in seven years.

She said she doesn't know what comes next for her. Her village has become populated with tents, fold-up beds and feeding stations handing out food, water and other supplies for survivors.

But she said she knew one thing: she's not going anywhere.

"My son died here," she said. "There is no way I'm leaving this town -- not ever."

Response: Italians have gathered to farewell nearly 300 earthquake victims. Almost 20,000 have braved chilly nights in tents, about 11,000 others in hotels. Toll from Monday morning's earthquake continues to rise: 287 now dead.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:Vitali Klitschko has confirmed that he will defend his world heavyweight boxing title against former champion Shannon Briggs on October 16 in his adopted home city of Hamburg.

The Ukrainian last put his WBC belt up for grabs in May against Albert Sosnowski in what he has said will be his last year as a professional fighter.

The 39-year-old, who has successfully defended the crown four times, will face the American, 38, for the first time as he seeks to extend his 40-2 career record.

"I am really happy that I will have a fight in Hamburg again, the place where I started my professional career. The o2 World is a great arena and the fans in Hamburg are real box experts and will make a perfect atmosphere," Klitschko told his website.

"Shannon Briggs is not only big at talking but also big in the ring and a very tough challenger. He is more experienced than me, has more professional fights on his record and is one of the hardest punchers in the division. I will be very well prepared together with my trainer Fritz Sdunek."

Briggs, nicknamed "The Cannon," has a record of 51-5 with 45 victories by knockout -- 27 in the first round. He has previously beaten former world champions George Foreman, Ray Mercer and Sergej Liakhovich.

"For a long time I have been trying hard to fight a Klitschko. Most of their opponents are scared to death when they step into the ring. I will put a lot of pressure on Klitschko and take the fight to him. Klitschko can enjoy his belt for a few more weeks; after October 16 it will be mine!"

Klitschko's younger brother Wladimir, the IBF, WBO and IBO champion, will face former WBC titleholder Samuel Peter of Nigeria in another Germany-based bout in Frankfurt on September 11.

Britain's WBA beltholder David Haye, who both Klitschkos have accused of being scared to fight them, may next fight former Olympic champion Audley Harrison, according to promoter Barry Hearn.

Hearn, whose son Eddie is involved in the talks with Haye's manager Adam Booth, said the fight would be a boost for British boxing.

"In the heavyweight division, there is nothing else out there as far as British fight fans are concerned, Harrison-Haye is enormous," he told Sky Sports News.

"The fantastic thing about David Haye is that he's burst on the scene and done a fantastic job against [Nikolay] Valuev, boxed the ears off [John] Ruiz and put him into retirement. He's hot.

"Audley Harrison, in my opinion, is a bigger draw. People don't know what to expect from Audley Harrison, he's been talking a great fight for years, never delivered it. He's at that last-stage saloon -- every fight fan in England wants to see this fight."

Response: WBC champion Vitali Klitschko will return to adopted home city of Hamburg for defense. Ukrainian faces American fighter Shannon Briggs in Germany on October 16. His brother Wladimir is preparing for title clash with Samuel Peter on September 11. WBA champion David Haye reportedly in talks for bout with Audley Harrison.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:Washington (CNN) -- A week after the Supreme Court ruled in favor of an Ohio law that restricts early voting, Attorney General Eric Holder argued the decision will disproportionately affect African-Americans, many of whom "heavily" use early voting.

"It is a major step backward to allow these reductions to early voting to go into effect," Holder said in a video message posted Monday.

"Early voting is about much more than making it more convenient for people to exercise their civic responsibilities. It's about preserving access and openness for every eligible voter, not just those who can afford to miss work or who can afford to pay for childcare," he continued in the video, which was posted on the Justice Department's website.

The law cut down the state's 35-day early voting window by seven days.

Proponents say that reducing in-person early voting would help create uniformity across the state's counties, and voters would still be able to vote by mail during that seven-day window.

But critics argue the Republican-backed law will make it more difficult for minorities to vote.

Opinion: Why does GOP fight early voting?

While the Justice Department was not a part of the lawsuit, it filed a brief in the case in July.

A federal judge had previously said the law was unconstitutional and placed a hold on it so it couldn't go into effect. That decision was upheld by a federal appeals court judge. But the Supreme Court's 5-4 decision allowed for the law to go into effect immediately. Early voting in Ohio now official starts this week.

In his video message, Holder said early voting is "heavily used" by African-Americans because the practice is popular among people who have a hard time getting to the polls due to childcare responsibilities, hourly salaries, and reduced access to transportation.

"Restricting voting hours in ways that would disproportionately impact minority communities is not only unnecessary and unwarranted -- it is out of step with our history of continually expanding the franchise," he said. "It is contrary to our fundamental values of equality, opportunity, and inclusion. And it is an affront to millions who have marched, and fought, and too often died to make real America's most basic promise."

Holder announced late last month he'll soon be resigning from his post, but will stay on until a replacement has been confirmed.

Response: Eric Holder blasts the Supreme Court's ruling involving voting laws in Ohio. The law limits the state's 35 early voting window by seven days. He and other critics say the law disproportionately affects minorities. Proponents say it helps the state better line.


Prompt:
Explain the text in one sentence.
 Text:Porto Santo Stefano, Italy (CNN) -- Rescuers reached two trapped honeymooners in the interior of a cruise ship more than 24 hours after it ran aground off a picturesque Italian island, killing three people, injuring 20 and leaving dozens unaccounted for.

The South Korean passengers, each 29, heard searchers calling out on the Costa Concordia, Italy's ANSA news agency reported early Sunday. They were located in a cabin and taken ashore. Video showed them being taken to a waiting ambulance.

The captain of the ill-fated vessel, which turned over on its side after the grounding, was arrested late Saturday and was being investigated for abandoning ship and manslaughter, a local prosecutor said.

With perhaps up to 50 people unaccounted for, divers suspended their efforts at dark, with plans to resume the search in the azure waters off the island of Giglio at dawn Sunday.

Accounts of the chaos from many of the 3,200 passengers were reminiscent of a maritime disaster 100 years ago this April -- the loss of the RMS Titanic.

"For me, the worst part of the whole ordeal" was when a lifeboat crew member told those boarding that it was "women and children first," said passenger Benji Smith of Boston.

"All these families who were clinging to each other had to be separated," Smith told CNN.

Some passengers fell into the chilly waters during the rescue, ANSA reported.

Questions abounded: Why was the colossal ship so close to the shore? How fast was it moving? How well did the crew respond? According to many passengers, the evacuation was disorganized and no one seemed in charge.

"Every crew member who walked past shouted instructions, but the instructions contradicted each other," Smith said.

Concordia's captain, Francesco Schettino, was interviewed earlier Saturday about what happened when the ship struck rocks in shallow water off Italy's western coast Friday evening, said officer Emilio Del Santo of the Coastal Authorities of Livorno. Local fishermen say the island coast of Giglio is known for its rocky sea floor.

Schettino said "that rock was not indicated on the chart," according to ANSA. "Me and the crew, we were the last to abandon ship," he said.

The ship was 2.5 miles off route when it struck the rocky sandbar.

"There are rocks, they are on the maps," said Capt. Cosimo Nicastro of the Italian Coast Guard. "What we know is the ship went really close to these rocks. ... We don't yet know why."

The ship began taking on water Friday evening and the crew kept going because they believed the vessel could normally keep sailing, Nicastro said. Realizing there was a significant safety problem, the commander steered the Costa Concordia closer toward port.

Authorities also were looking at why the ship didn't hail a mayday during the accident.

"At the moment we can't exclude that the ship had some kind of technical problem, and for this reason moved towards the coast in order to save the passengers, the crew and the ship. But they didn't send a mayday. The ship got in contact with us once the evacuation procedures were already ongoing," Del Santo said prior to the announcement of the captain's arrest.

Giuseppe Orsina, a spokesman with the local civil protection agency, said 43 to 51 people were missing, though authorities are reviewing passenger lists to confirm the exact figure.

"These people could be still on the island of Giglio, in private houses or in hospitals," Orsina said.

Two French tourists and a crew member from Peru were killed, Port authorities in Livorno said. One of the victims was a 65-year-old woman who died of a heart attack, according to authorities.

Nautilus International, a maritime employees trade union, called the accident a "wake-up call" to regulators.

"Nautilus is concerned about the rapid recent increases in the size of passenger ships -- with the average tonnage doubling over the past decade," said Nautilus general secretary Mark Dickinson in a statement. "Many ships are now effectively small towns at sea, and the sheer number of people onboard raises serious questions about evacuation."

Gianni Onorato, president of Genoa-based Costa Cruises, expressed "deep sorrow for this terrible tragedy," but said the cruise line was unable to answer all the questions that authorities are now investigating.

The vessel, plying the waters from Civitavecchia to Savona, Italy, struck a submerged rock, Onorato said in a statement before the announcement of the captain's arrest.

"Captain Schettino, who was on the bridge at the time, immediately understood the severity of the situation and performed a maneuver intended to protect both guests and crew, and initiated security procedures to prepare for an eventual ship evacuation," he continued. "Unfortunately, that operation was complicated by a sudden tilting of the ship that made disembarkation difficult," Onorato said.

Rosalyn Rincon, a member of the cruise ship staff, said the captain told passengers there was an "electrical problem."

Concordia was carrying about 3,200 passengers and 1,000 crew members when it ran aground.

"I'm not surprised that it (the ship) would wind up tipping like this," said Neil Gallagher, professor of naval architecture at the Webb Institute on Long Island, New York. "Something had to go wrong with either the controls or the navigation to get it to this condition."

Chris B. McKesson, adjunct professor of naval architecture at the School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering at the University of New Orleans, said, "from the size of the gash, she must have been steaming at a pretty good pace."

Fear and panic aboard crippled ship

Panic spread as people scrambled to find lifeboats in the dark as the ship quickly leaned to one side late Friday. Access to some lifeboats was hampered by the ship's tilt into the water.

With the ship's staircases flooded, Smith and others made rope ladders to climb from the outer fourth deck to the third. They were eventually rescued more than three hours later by a lifeboat that had returned from dropping passengers ashore.

At least three lifeboats, each with a capacity of more than 100 people, apparently malfunctioned due to technical or crew error, Smith said. "The people manning these boats were just cooks and shopkeepers," Smith said.

Cmdr. Buddy Reams, chief of the U.S. Coast Guard's Cruise Ship National Center of Expertise, said, "when it comes to cruise ships, in the event of emergency, cabin stewards or others would have safety roles," he said.

The Coast Guard inspects foreign-flagged cruise ships in U.S. waters twice a year, studying the competency of the crew during fire and abandon-ship drills, Reams said.

Many passengers asked why they had not yet received an obligatory safety briefing when disaster struck around dinner time, only hours into their journey. The timing of the safety briefings and muster drills depend on the length of the cruise, Reams told CNN.

Many of those rescued in the early hours were taken to small churches and other buildings around the island for shelter. Some were still wearing the pajamas and slippers they had on as the ship went down.

Vivian Shafer, a passenger from Maryland, told CNN there was no initial announcement after the vessel began its tilt. Others reported being unable to clearly hear instructions.

Once ashore, no one from the crew assisted them, Shafer said. Rather, it was up to islanders.

"There didn't seem to be anybody in charge," she said.

Costa Cruises, owned by parent company Carnival Corp., said it was focusing on the final stages of the emergency operation and helping passengers and crew return home.

"It is a tragedy that deeply affects our company. Our first thoughts go to the victims and we would like to express our condolences and our closeness to their families and friends," the line said on its website.

The Concordia, built in 2006, was on a Mediterranean cruise from Rome with stops in Savona, Marseille, Barcelona, Palma de Mallorca, Cagliari and Palermo.

Most of the passengers on board were Italian. CNN affiliate America Noticias, in Peru, said a group of 32 Peruvians were also onboard. Brazil's state-run Agencia Brasil said 53 Brazilians were on the cruise ship. An estimated 126 Americans were also on board, according to the U.S. State Department. There were no reports of injured Americans though the U.S. Embassy in Rome said it was unable to account for all U.S. citizens believed to be on board the ship at the time of the accident.

Another Costa ship was involved in a deadly 2010 accident when the Costa Europa crashed into a pier in Egypt's Sharm el-Sheikh during stormy weather, killing three crew members.

CNN's Marilia Brocchetto, Livia Borghese, Michael Martinez, Melissa Gray, Phil Gast and journalist Barbie Nadeau contributed to this report.

Response: NEW: Two rescued passengers were South Koreans on their honeymoon. The captain is being investigated for abandoning ship and manslaughter. An estimated 126 Americans were among the 3,200 passengers. Scores of people are unaccounted for, but may be at hospitals and shelters.